The links below will take you to review articles and to webpages which are more than just a description of an instrument.

1. Accessories: A Review of Accessories Supplied with Antique Microscopes.
2. History of the Development of the Achromatic-Aplanatic Microscope
3. Algensuschers:What is an Algensuscher?
4. APERTOMETERS: A brief history
5. APPRAISALS: What you need to know about the value of antique microscopes, including services I can provide to help.
6. Bausch & Lomb: Early Simple Microscopes by Bausch & Lomb including the American Agriculturist Microscopes
7. Bottles and Containers for Storing and Dispensing Immersion Oil
8. Some Corrections and Additions to BRACEGIRDLE's Notes on Modern Microscope Manufacturers
9. Bulloch: Evolution of Walter H. Bulloch Microscopes-a nearly comprehensive review of all known models which includes engravings and images of many examples
10. Bulloch Improvements: Improvements and Changes of Bulloch Microscopes over Time
11. Bulloch Serial numbers-a partial listing of known serial numbers and models of microscopes made by Walter Bulloch and successors
12. Bulloch Signatures: a review of the signatures on microscopes made by Walter Bulloch and successors
13. Bulloch Workplaces: A review of Walter Bulloch's known places of work and occupation
14. Bulloch References: References pertaining to the history of Walter Bulloch's Microscopes
15. CAMERA LUCIDAS-the types and their history
16. Collecting: My Advice on Collecting
17. Compass Microscopes: A Brief History of the Compass Microscope
18. Compound Microscopes: A Brief History of the Compound Microscope
19. Compressors (Compressoria): A review of the main types of compressor and how they work.
20. Cary-Gould: Evolution of the Cary-Gould Microscope as seen through Gould's Books
21. Correction collars: History and examples
22. Correction collars: Simple Method of Using
23. Coverglass Micrometers and their History
24. Coverings of the optical tubes of microscopes; Shagreen and other Coverings for the tubes of microscopes
25. Dalton and Tolles Microscopes: microscopes made by Robert Tolles, C. X. Dalton, and the Boston Optical Works
26. Dark Ground & Oblique Illumination: History of the Development of DARK GROUND(aka Dark Field) and OBLIQUE Illumination
27. Some help on DATING scientific instruments
28. Dick Microscopes: An example by Swift and the history of the Dick Petrographic microscopes including other examples
29. The DOUBLE IMAGE PRISM from an 1847 microscope, and experiments with a birefringent crystal
30. History of the MARTIN or DRUM type MICROSCOPES.
31. SMALLER TOYDRUM MICROSCOPES of the late 19th and 20th Centuries.
32. The Watson EDINBURGH microscopes and their evolution.
33. Fingerprint Magnifiers
34. EIKONOMETER: Determining the Magnification of any combination of an eyepiece and objective of a microscope using the Wright Eikonometer.
35. Episcopic Illumination and Vertical Illuminators
36. Folding Simple Microscope: 'Jones Type' of Folding 'Flower or Insect Microscopes'
37. FOLDING PORTABLE MICROSCOPES-History of the LIGHT-WEIGHT FOLDING PORTABLE Achromatic Microscope
38. Folding 'Botanical' Simple Magnifiers especially of Horn and Shell
39. FROG-PLATES AND FISHPLATES
40. A Glossary of Terms commonly used with antique and other microscopes
41. Gould: Evolution of the Cary-Gould Microscope as seen through Gould's Books
42. Gould's Improved Compound Pocket Microscope-details
43. Gould's Test Objects and the Gould Microscope-what is that test slide with these microscopes?
44. Griffith's Microscopes: History of the Griffith Club Microscope and the Griffith Microscope invented by Ezra Griffith
45. Grunow: The First Class Grunow Microscope of Dr Octavius White
46. History of Laban HEATH's Microscopes
47. Hot Stages and Warm Stages
48. The 'Household' Microscopes: A review of many models of the 'Household Universal' microscope invented by T.H. McAllister and copied by many makers in the U.S.A. and France.
49. ILLUMINATION SOURCES: An abbreviated History of Artificial Illumination Sources for the microscope.
50. Incubating Warm Stages and Hot Stages
51. The 'Insect or Seed' cylindrical microscopes
52. Microscope LAMPS AND CANDLE HOLDERS: An abbreviated History of Artificial Illumination Sources for the microscope.
53. Leuwenhoek: The Microscopes of Antoni van Leeuwenhoek.
54. Lever Stages of Cornelius Varley and Alfred White-give credit where credit is due!
55. 'Light Modifiers' and the 'Gifford Screen' filter for photomicrography, a history and review.
56. Linen Provers, Thread Counters and Related Microscopes and some other instruments, past and present
57. Liveboxes: A brief review of the main types of livebox and how they work.
58. MAGNIFICATION: Determining the Magnification of any combination of an eyepiece and objective of a microscope using the Wright Eikonometer.
59. MAGNIFICATION: Determining the magnification of an eyepiece.
60. 'MARTIN' or 'Drum' Microscopes-their history from the beginning.
61. Student or Toy 'Martin' 'Drum' Microscopes.
62. McArthur-type Microscopes, past and present
63. E.M. Nelson:-Microscopes designed by him.
64. The Nelson-Curties No. 1 microscope, an actual example and its history.
65. The Nelson No. 2 microscope, comparison of examples from about 1895 and 1899.
66. Evolution and History of MICROSCOPE OBJECTIVES
67. PACKING: How to properly PACK an antique microscope for SHIPPING
68. Photographic Magnifiers of the late 19th and early 20th Century
69. Pocket Microscopes: a Brief survey and history of some examples.
70. Hugh Powell: an early example of his microscopes and associated history
71. Powell & Lealand's No 1 Microscope: Its history and an example with many accessories
72. Powell & Lealand's Original 'New Microscope' of 1843, the prototype for the famous future line of Powell & Lealand microscopes.
73. A COMPARISON OF Powell & Lealand's Original 'New Microscope' of 1843 with the later P & L No 3.
74. Making a replacement RACK for an Antique Microscope by hand
75. Francois Raspail's Cylindrical Microscope for Travel-setting the record straight
76. Raspail's Microscopes-illustrated review of the microscopes of Francois Raspail
77. Restoring: My Advice about Restoring Instruments
78. Restoring: An Introduction on HOW to Restore Antique Microscopes
79. Restoration: An example of a nearly complete restoration project (a Zentmayer 'Grand American' Model)
80. Ringing or Slide-Ringing tables-see Turntables
81. Andrew ROSS-history of his microscopes.
82. SCREWBARREL Microscopes: A Brief History of the Screwbarrel Microscope
83. W.H, Darker's Stacked Rotating Selenites
84. Simple Microscopes: A Brief History of the Simple Microscope
85. History of Shagreen and other Coverings for the tubes of microscopes
86. SHIPPING: How to properly PACK an antique microscope for SHIPPING
87. Slides: A Brief History of Microscope Slides
88. James SMITH's MICROSCOPE #22 of 1840: THE MICROSCOPE OF Dr. THOMAS HODGKIN
89. SOLAR Microscopes: History of the Solar Microscope
90. SOLEIL Microscopes: The uncommonly described microscopes by a famous French Instrument maker.
91. Spencer, Tolles, Dalton-Important Dates of these 3 famous makers
92. Swift Wale-limb Microscopes-A Brief history of their evolution
93. The Tami series of microscopes from Wetzar: The Tami, Metami and Protami microscopes.
94. Test Objects and the Gould Microscope-what is that test slide with these microscopes?
95. Tolles and Dalton Microscopes: microscopes made by Robert Tolles, C. X. Dalton, and the Boston Optical Works
96. History of MICROSCOPES USED IN URINALYSIS
97. Top Lighting: Episcopic Illumination and Vertical Illuminators
98. Tubelength-a primer on tubelength as it relates to antique microscopes
99. TURNTABLES for slide-ringing, also known as Whirling tables or cell-making instruments.
100. VARLEY: Cornelius Varley and his microscopes
101. VARLEY LEVER STAGE: Lever Stages of Cornelius Varley and Alfred White-give credit where credit is due!
102. Vertical Illuminators and Episcopic Illumination
103. Warm Stages and Hot Stages
104. The WATSON EDINBURGH microscopes and their evolution.
105. WATSON MICROSCOPE EVOLUTION: A tabular review of the changes in the Watson Edinburgh, Royal, and all the Van Heurck Models over the years with special attention to changing specifications and features.
106. Watson Objective Lenses: A Review of Objectives as Sold by W. Watson & Sons in the Late 19th to Early 20th Century.
107. Watson Royal: The 'Royal' Microscope: its history and how it Differs from the 'Van Heurk'.
108. Watson-Van Heurck: A review of the history of the Van Heurck Microscope and its relation to other Watson models, especially the Edinburgh.
109. White's Lever Stage and the stage of Cornelius Varley-give credit where credit is due!
110. Wollensak Microscopes of the 1920's and 1930's