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IMPORTANT REFERENCES PERTAINING TO MICROSCOPES MADE BY WALTER H. BULLOCH

This page contains a preliminary listing of the references which I used in my articles about Bulloch microscopes on this website. I did not include references which were repetitive or gave no real factual information. I am sure that there are additional references out there, which I have been unable to find and would be greatful to anyone who can supply such information.

YEAR OF EVENT	EVENT	YEAR OF PUBLICATION	JOURNAL OR BOOK	VOLUME/EDITION	#	PAGES	COMMENTS
(1877)	FIRST PRODUCTION OF 'A 1' CONGRESS STAND	1878	AM J OF MICROSCOPY AND POPULAR SCI	III	1	7-10	Engravings of the the first version of the Congress (with dual swinging tailpieces but not the saddle support to the stage) .  There was no control for locking the rotation of the pillars on the foot.  This publication does not state when the first Congress was first made; this was reported in the JRMS in 1880.
1877	FIRST PRODUCTION OF 'A 1' CONGRESS STAND	1880	JRMS	III	PART 2	1073-1080	States that the first version of the A1 Congress stand was first made in 1877 (p 1073) and  shows the engravings of  the first version.  This shows the microscope with dual swinging tailpieces but not the saddle support of the stage, and also lacks the control for locking the rotation of the pillars of the foot.It then shows the later c 1880 version with the saddle stage support  feature in engravings on p  1077-78.
1878	BULLOCH LETTER TO EDITOR NOTING SEPARATE SWINGING TAILPIECES	1878	AM J OF MICROSCOPY AND POPULAR SCI	III	3	67	Bulloch's response to Zentmayer's letter claiming providence  of the swinging substage; Bulloch noted it was the separate swinging arms that he had patented, and also claimed he had made swinging substages before Zentmayer.
1878	EXHIBITION OF SECTOR MICROSCOPE	1880	JRMS	III	PART 2	1067-1068	The sector microscope was not pictured in either of the Bulloch Catalogs and was never seen in an advertisement. It was said to have been first exhibited in 1878.
c 1879	BIOLOGICAL MODEL FIRST MADE	1880	JRMS	III	PART 2	1078-1080	This article pictures the Biological  and states " it is a more recent stand" than the Congress.  It states it was patented in 1879, but of course that is not quite accurate as it was the dual tailpieces that were patented and the patent shows the Congress.  It notes the tube length is five inches.
1879	1879 PRICE LIST LISTING THE CONGRESS, SINGLE PILLAR PROFESSIONAL, AND BIOLOGICAL	1880	THE MICROSCOPE AND MICROSCOPICAL TECHNOLOGY	2nd Ed	APPDX	660	This short list of Microscopes is the last entry of Manufacturers in the English translation of Frey. Importantly it describes Bulloch's three key stands of the time: The A1 Congress, The Professional, and the Biological .  It clearly desribes the large early single pillar version of the Professional stand as seen on this website.
1879	U.S. PATENT OF THE DUAL SWINGING SUBSTAGE TAILPIECES	1879 (MARCH 27)	US PATENTS	PATENT 215,878			The original patent showed the new form of long lever fine focus, and dual swinging tailpieces but not the saddle mechanism of stage support. One of the interesting features allows independent rotation of each tailpiece without disturbing the movement of the other, because they are isolated from each other via a fitting that is situated concentrically but inbetween the two.
1879	FIRST EXHIBITION OF THIRD FORM OF MECHANICAL STAGE WITH CONCENTRIC CONTROLS PROJECTING UPWARD FROM THE STAGE, PERMITTING 360 DEGREE STAGE ROTATION.  ALSO MENTIONS THE "CONGRESS Jr" STAND	1880	PROC OF NAT  MICROSCOPICAL CONGRESS	--	--	86	This was the first American exhibition of the third form of Bulloch's mechanical stage, and although he did not claim to have invented it, it was an elegant form.  The curious reference to  "one of his smaller stands, the Congress Jr is also noted, but only in reference to the ease of changing substage apparatus, while maintaining centration.
1880	DESCRIPTION OF FIRST VERSION OF HIS LITHOLOGICAL MICROSCOPE	1880	AM J OF MICROSCOPY AND POPULAR SCI	V		256	This stand had Bulloch's standard features and in addition vernier readout for stage rotation, separate fittings for the substage polarizer and condenser above,  the analyzer which slid in and out at the bottom of the optical tube above the objective, with facility for a waveplate to fit there also; it also could be fitted with a goniometer eyepiece with analyzer if desired.  A photograph of this instrument in a later issue of the American Geologist reveals this instrument identical to the Professional Model of the time, except for the fittings mentioned .  This photograph can be seen next to a regular Professional model on this website.
1880	HISTORICAL REVIEW OF THE FIRST AMERICAN PETROGRAPHIC MICROSCOPES, INCLUDING NUMBER 139 OF BULLOCH	1889	AMERICAN GEOLOGIST	III		225-228	This is the story of the first American-made petrographical microscopes.  It states that Bulloch's number 139 was the first ever made and then refers to subsequent improved versions.  A photograph of number 139 is shown; this stand is the stand referred to in the 1880 Am J M and Pop Sci article from 1880, and sent in August of 1880 the University of Minnesota.  It reports that this stand was exhibited at the Detroit meeting of the Am Soc of Microscopists on August 17 1880.   It states he next made a 'more elaborate' instrument for J.H. Caswell.  A third and even more elaborate model was then described  his latest and most elaborate Lithological to date. illustrated with an engraving;  This was a double pillar design with straight tailpieces, and a very complicated stage, which was the major difference in this stand.  That stand was numbered 363.
c. 1880	NEW FORM OF CONGRESS WITH SADDLE PIECE AND ITS BRACE, AND ALSO  DESCRIBED AND PICTURED THE BIOLOGICAL STAND, STATED AS PATENTED 1879	1880	JRMS	III	PART 2	1073-1079	This relatively long section of the JRMS pictured and described the isolation of the stage from the tailpiece rotation by the saddle piece, Bu
c. 1881	EXHIBITION AT MEETING OF THE THIRD FORM OF BULLOCH MECHANICAL STAGE, AND ALSO OF THE 'CONGRESS JR' STAND	AUG 1881	PROC AM SOC MICROSCOPISTS	4TH ANNUAL MEETING	-	86	Note that Bulloch exhibited at the meeting his third and latest version of mechanical stage, the concentric controls projecting abovethe stage to allow 360 degree rotation.  It also mentions exhibition of the 'Congress Jr' microscope.
c. 1884	BULLOCH'S SECOND VERSION OF STUDENT MICROSCOPE (THE 'NEW' STUDENT MICROSCOPE); IT ALSO PICTURED BULLOCHS FIRST VERSION OF THE 'BIOLOGICAL' STAND	1885	THE MICROSCOPE IN BOTANY...A GUIDE FOR...	-	-		An American contributor to this English translation,  Dr R. H. Ward  substituted American stands for the Continental versions because Continental stands were 'not available  here.'
1887-8?	BASTIN-BULLOCH MICROSCOPE	1887	THE WESTERN DRUGGIST	IX	12	420	According to The Western Druggist, the microscope was being manufactured 'on the order of' the magazine and were to supplement a series of articles on Vegetable Histology to start with the January 1888 article.